Una caracterización del acoso escolar en la adolescencia: quiénes, cómo y dónde se agrede.
Resumen
El acoso escolar es un gran factor de riesgo para los niños y adolescentes. A pesar de su relevancia pocos estudios científico-empíricos existen en la Argentina. Con este fin se aplicó el cuestionario revisado de agresores/víctimas de Olweus -uno de los más usados en las naciones del primer mundo a este respecto- y un cuestionario demográfico a una muestra de conveniencia de 1.151 adolescentes (edad media = 14,6, 46% varones) de cuatro escuela medias de la ciudad de Paraná, Entre Ríos. Los datos se analizaron con el Paquete Estadístico para las Ciencias Sociales en su versión 20. Se detectó que más varones eran agresores y agresores-víctimas; los alumnos de menor edad eran acosado en mayor frecuencia; las formas más común de acosar eran los sobrenombres, las burlas sobre al aspecto físico y el decir mentiras. La mayoría era acosado por un alumno o en grupo de dos y/o tres varones, de su mismo curso, en el patío o el aula como lugar más frecuente, en promedio desde hacía un mes y más de la mitad no comentaba con nadie que era agredido –muchos de los que contaban este hecho lo hacían a un amigo-. En las conclusiones se analizan los hallazgos y se brindan sugerencias para futuros estudios.
Citas
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