RESOLUCIÓN DE RUPTURAS EN LA ALIANZA TERAPÉUTICA. UNA REVISIÓN BIBLIOGRAFICA
Resumen
Resumen:
La ruptura en la alianza se trata de una tensión o un desajuste en la relación colaborativa entre el paciente y el terapeuta (Safran & Muran, 2006). Este deterioro se manifiesta por medio de la falta de colaboración en tareas, objetivos, o a través de una tensión en el lazo afectivo (Mitchell et al. 2011). En base a los aportes de las investigaciones llevadas adelante por especialistas en el área, en este trabajo se realiza una revisión bibliográfica focalizada en las rupturas de la alianza terapéutica, su conceptualización, indicadores potenciales, categorización, y las estrategias de resolución. Para la selección de trabajos se ha acudido al Dr. Héctor Fernández-Álvarez profesional reconocido y experto en el área, el cual sugirió: tomar como núcleo los desarrollos del equipo de los autores Jeremy Safran y Christopher Muran (EEUU); sumando los desarrollos surgidos durante los últimos años por parte de los siguientes autores y sus grupos de trabajo: Pierre Baillargeon (Canadá), Helen Aspland (Reino Unido), y Lauren Swank (EEUU), de los cuales se recogieron: 21 estudios. Por otro lado se han incluido 29 estudios desde EBSCO utilizando las palabras claves: therapeutic alliance, alliance rupture, alliance resolution. Los trabajos presentados coinciden en que la resolución de la ruptura puede llevar a fortalecer la alianza de trabajo, y a su vez a un mayor entendimiento de los problemas que presenta el paciente. Por lo tanto, la habilidad clínica del terapeuta para ocuparse de las rupturas resulta un factor importe para el éxito terapéutico.
Palabras clave: alianza terapéutica, ruptura en la alianza, resolución de alianza
Title: ALLIANCE RUPTURE RESOLUTION: A REVIEW
Abstract:
A rupture in the therapeutic alliance is a tension or breakdown in the collaborative relationship between patient and therapist (Safran & Muran, 2006). This deterioration is manifested by lack of collaboration on tasks or goals, or a strain in the emotional bond (Mitchell et al. 2011). Based on the contribution of the specialist´s research, in this paper we review the literature focused on the alliance ruptures, its conceptualization, potential markers, categorization, and resolution strategies. For the paper´s selection criterion we asked Héctor Fernández-Álvarez, an expert and well-known professional in the field who suggested: using the development of the authors Jemery Safran & Christopher Muran (EEUU) and their team as centerpiece; adding then the latest research by the hand of Pierre Baillargeon (Canadá), Helen Aspland (Reino Unido), y Lauren Swank (EEUU); from which 21 studies were collected. Also other 29 studies were included from EBSCO using the key words: therapeutic alliance, alliance rupture, alliance resolution. The papers presented agree that rupture´s resolution can lead to strengthen the work alliance, and also can lead to a better understanding if the patient´s problems. Therefore, the therapist´s clinical skill to resolve ruptures is a key factor for the therapeutic success.
Key words: therapeutic alliance, alliance rupture, alliance resolution
Citas
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